PaRDeS: A Guide to Scripture Study

The concept of PaRDeS is a framework in Jewish tradition for interpreting the Torah and other sacred texts. It represents four levels of interpretation, each progressively deeper and more mystical. The term itself is an acronym derived from the initials of the four levels:

1. Peshat (פְּשָׁט) – The simple, literal meaning of the text. This is the straightforward reading without additional interpretation.
2. Remez (רֶמֶז) – The allegorical or symbolic level. It seeks hints or allusions in the text, often involving metaphorical or symbolic meanings.
3. Derash (דְּרַשׁ) – The homiletic or interpretive level. This involves ethical, moral, or midrashic teachings, often extracted through rabbinic traditions and creative interpretations.
4. Sod (סוֹד) – The secret or mystical meaning. This is the esoteric level of interpretation, dealing with hidden, spiritual dimensions of the Torah and existence, often explored in Kabbalah.

The term PaRDeS literally means “orchard” or “paradise” in Hebrew, symbolizing the richness and beauty of exploring these layers of Torah study.

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